Wake Turbulence

Wake Turbulence consists of two counter-rotating vortices generated at the wingtips of every aircraft producing lift. The vortices are most severe behind heavy, slow, clean-configured aircraft (gear and flaps retracted). Wake turbulence can cause loss of control for following aircraft.

ICAO wake turbulence categories:

• Super (J): A380
• Heavy (H): Above 136,000 kg (300,000 lbs)
• Medium (M): 7,000-136,000 kg
• Light (L): Below 7,000 kg

ATC applies separation standards based on these categories. Pilots should be especially cautious when following larger aircraft, staying above their flight path and upwind of their track.