VR (Rotation Speed) — Speed at which the pilot pulls back on the controls to lift the nose for takeoff.

VR (Rotation Speed) is the speed during the takeoff roll at which the pilot begins to rotate the aircraft — pulling back on the control column (or sidestick) to raise the nose and establish a pitch attitude that will result in liftoff. VR is always at or above V1 and below V2.

• Must allow the aircraft to reach V2 by 35 feet AGL
• Rotation rate is typically 2–3 degrees per second
• Tail strike protection limits the maximum rotation rate
• Calculated for each takeoff based on weight, flap setting, and conditions