Runway Incursion

Runway Incursion is any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for landing and takeoff. Runway incursions are a critical safety concern and a leading risk factor for ground collisions.

Categories range from A (most severe, near-collision) to D (least severe, no immediate safety consequences). Prevention measures include improved signage, lighting, cockpit moving maps, RWSL (Runway Status Lights), and enhanced ATC procedures.