Circuit

Circuit (or traffic pattern) is a standard rectangular flight path around a runway used for visual approaches and training. It consists of:

• Upwind: Parallel to the runway in the takeoff direction
• Crosswind: Turn perpendicular to the runway
• Downwind: Parallel to the runway in the opposite direction
• Base: Turn toward the runway
• Final: Aligned with the runway for landing

Standard circuits use left turns unless published otherwise. Circuit altitude is typically 1,000-1,500 ft AGL. The term "circuit" is used in ICAO/European terminology, while "traffic pattern" is the US/FAA equivalent.